Discourse
in the Novel
Bakhtin says that traditional stylistics
and philosophy of language failed to
read novelistic genre since they did
not understand the artistic uniqueness
of novelistic discourse. Their basic
focus is on poctic language, individuality
of language, image, symbol, epic style,
they do not give spacious room to extra-linguistic
affairs. They are habituated to learn
single language ness not observing its
carnivalesque feature. They also say
that novel is more rhetorical genre
having no artistic taste at all which
Bakhtin opposes extremely. In this essay,
by scrutinizing the general concepts
of traditional stylicians and philosopher
of language Bakhtin defences the novelistic
discourse.
Critics
attack on Novel
Shpet, a professor of the university
of Moscow says that the novel is just
a rhetorical composition which does
not bring poetic spirit. It can not
spring from poetic creativity, it has
no aesthetic significance. Similarly,
according to another critic vinograde,
novel has a problem of artistic prose,
it is a hybrid. He considered the novel
a syncratic, mixed for and admitted
that it certain along with rhetorical
elements some purcly poetic ones.
According to yet another critic the
novel is an extra-artistic rhetorical
genre the contemporary form of novel
propoganda. Bakhtin says that are just
biased critics of novel who do not venture
to see the underlying beaury of novel.
By nature, novel is diaglossic or hateroglassic.
Multiple voice are underlying bencath
the composition of novel but in poetry,
there is unitary voice. It is monoglossic
in nature. Poem contain merely the voice
of author. In this sence, it is the
univocality of author. The voice of
author is important in the poetic genre.
On the contrary, there is multiple voices
in the novel. The novel is free of expression
it is like open literature. Rule does
not work in the novel, it therefore
represents multiple voices of multiple
characters. The society is the fusion
of multiple voices which can not be
represented by poem as it only valorizes
single authorial meaning. But in the
novel, all the voice of society get
free interplay. Heteroglossic or diaglossic
words get fullest expression in novel,
while in poetry only single voice of
the author can be expressed. In a totalitarian
state freedom is restricted like this
poetry is a restricted voice at the
expense of multiple voices. So far Bhaktin;
poetry is a bourgeoisie in nature where
single voice is percolated. He believes
that through the constant interaction
of masses the society could be progressive.
Bhaktin is
happy as modern dramatic poems are being
novelized. It means, some poem have
been accepting the existence of dialogue.
He wants that slowly and gradually all
poetry should be novelized in order
to capture the carrivalesgue feature
of humanity. Bakhtin concludes by saying
that truth does not come out of the
single authors mouth rather it comes
out of the constant interaction of the
voices i.e. dialogue. He located truth
in the mans. socio-linguistics can
deal with the novel whereas traditional
linguistics of the text in terms of
society, custom or culture. When language
is analyzed interms of culture, multiple
voices get space in any text.
Discourse in poetry and discourse in
novel
Poetry
Through internal dialogization is operating,
the poetic genre gets dominated by authorial
tone.
It is monologic in its compositional
structure and internal dialogization
of discourage is not put to artistic
use.
Some of the poems-Folksongs, street
songs, lyrics have more dialogic natural
than other poem.
It is unitary language.
It does not entertain the contradiction
and conflicts in thoughts.
It has authoritarian, dogmatic and conervative
form of language and expression.
It has a typically utopian philosopher.
Novel
It has entangled thoughts, points of
view, many judgements and accents and
it also employs the living uttrance
from particular historical moment in
a socially-specific environment.
Direct and unmediated intention is presented
naively and in a dialogized image.
It wintersses the unfolding social heteroglossia
and natural orientation is presented
in novelistic game.
Internal dialogization is the fundamental
aspects of novel.
It allows free play of contradictions
and conflicts.
It encompasses fluctuations.
It welcome languages diversity, it does
not eleminate the language character
and speech mannerism. |
