Allegory:
Allegory is a parallel story. If a single
word or expression has an abstract and
general meaning, it is called a symbol;
but if the whole ‘story’ of a drama,
story or poem has a symbolic meaning
throughout, it is called an allegory.
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Alliteration:
Alliteration is the repetition of consonant
sounds. The repeated consonants normally
occur at the beginning of words or in
stressed syllables.
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Allusion:
An allusion in a literary text is a
reference to a personal place or event
or to another literary work or passage.
It does not have clear identification,
that is, it does not tell directly what
it stands for.
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Animation:
Animation is giving life to non-living
objects. If a poet treats a lifeless
concrete thing as having life, awareness,
will-power, thought, emotion, etc, that
is called animation. For example, if
a poet says, "The moon is ‘smiling’
at me", he animates the moon. He gives
the human power and quality of smiling
to the moon.
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Ballad:originally
a kind of folk song; also sung with
music; now recorded in writing, and
also regarded as literature/ poetry;
originally, the ‘folk’ ballad was as
a part of oral folklore; now, known
poets also write ‘literary’ ballads
by following the conventions of the
folk ballad; Folk ballads are anonymous,
that is, the composer is not known (eg:
‘The Demon Lover'); orally transmitted
from generation to generation...
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Blank
verse:
Blank verse refers to the poetic lines
that use iambic pentameter without rhyming.
Blank verse is favorable in English
poetry because the language is naturally
rhythmic and it is easy to create rhythms,
especially the iambic rhythm..
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Classical
Poetry:The
classical or neo-classical poets of
the eighteenth century had had made
poetry more social than personal, more
intellectual than emotional and imaginative,
more rule-based than spontaneous.
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Conceit:
The conceit is a striking metaphor.
It is so original and unconventional
that it not only strikes the reader
into attention, but sometimes shocks
them, being even objectionable or absurd
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Denotation:
It refers to the literal meaning of
words. Words or sentences in a literary
work may have clear or hidden meaning.
Dictionary meaning of words is said
to be denotation, which is clear simple
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Elegy:
The elegy was originally the form of
poetry on the subject of sadness, especially
‘complaints about love’. But now the
word normally refers to the poems written
on the subject of death of someone or
great loss of some kind.
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Epic:
One the oldest of the poetic forms,
the epic is a long narrative poem, majestic
both in theme and style, dealing with
legendary or historical events of national
or universal significance, involving
action of broad sweep and grandeur.
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Epic
Simile:
The epic simile is a figurative
device first popularized by Homer in
his epics. It is a comparison that may
be as long as a dozen lines. An epic
simile is used typically in epic poetry
to intensify the heroic stature of the
subject and to serve as decoration.
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Free
verse:
Free verse means poetry without rhyme-scheme
and any standard or fixed rhythm. If
fully metrical poems have lines with
equal number of feet and the same standard
metrical feet throughout.
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Heroic
couplet:
Heroic couplet is a pair of lines with
iambic pentameter; the lines must also
rhyme together. This form of poetry
was popularized and highly developed
by the neo-classical poets, especially
Alexander Pope.
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Iambic
pentameter:
Iambic pentameter means ‘five iambic
feet in a line’. ‘Iambic’ means a unit
of rhythm with two syllables where the
first is not stressed (U) and the second
is stressed (S).
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Image:
An image is considered to be a picture
created in the mind by words. Generally
images are divided as visual images
and abstract images.
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Imagery:
Imagery is the general term for the
use of ‘images’ in poetry. The use of
all kinds of concrete, metaphoric and
more abstract is called imagery.
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Irony:
Irony is an indirect way of criticizing
things, and it can be done in several
ways. The word ‘Irony’ comes from its
Greek root ‘Eiron’, a dramatic character
who spoke in ‘understatement’, pretending
to be less intelligent.
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Lyric:
A
lyric is a fairly short poem which is
the expression of strong feelings (thoughts,
or perceptions) of a single speaker
in a meditative manner.
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Metaphor:The
term metaphor has two meanings. In its
broad sense, it means any type of poetic
comparison (also known as metaphorical
language).
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Meter:
Meter is the quality of regular and
conventional rhythm in poetic lines.
Rhythm means any pattern, whether regular
or not, and whether following any conventional
pattern or not.
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Nonsense
Rhyme: A nonsense rhyme is
a composition that by intention and
often for the sake of humor. Separate
from the common logic of language or
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Ode:Most
simply, the Ode is known as a poem addressed
to somebody or something. But, besides
that one simple feature, the ode is
characterized by a number of features
of a special classical form of poetry,
or poetic expression.
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