Amiri
Baraka :1960
s American poetic scenario especially
in Black Art Movement some poetry were
written about the anger. Among such
poets, Amiri Baraka stands most prominently.
In his poetry we can find the most powerful,
bold fearless expression of social right.
He believes that poetry ought to be
loud gravely and racy. Black Art poetry
is especially about the life of urban
that records the hopes, joys and tribulation
of black experiences in the jungle of
American metropolitans. In Black Art
poetry the hopes and optimism ultimately
ended the life by disillusionment of
city. Their optimism turns out to be
pessimism. So they started criminal
things. They spoilt their life by being
pessimistic.The poetry written in 60
s and 70 s were the result of black
optimism and the terrible stress felt
in the ghettoes. To express their dreams
and expectations they used irregular
rhymes and rhythms emerged spontaneously
that they derived from black music or
Black speech. Their rhythm used to either
colloquial or jazz.
Beat
Poets :In the later half of
the 1950s a group of poets like
Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Jack Kerovac,
Gregory Corso etc formed a
group of young rebels called Beat poet
and thus, young rebels developed the
Beat Generation. Read
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The
Black Art Movement :This
is a new movement which came to be institutionalized
in the sixties and seventies. It was
a radical separatist ethnicism proposing
to disengage itself not only from the
larger world of American literature
but also from the western (white) tradition.
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Black
Drama:
After the end of Second World War the
Negro writer did not paid so much attention
to fiction as much they motivated to
poetry and Drama. Drama became the easiest
form to reflect the pain and suffering.
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Broadway
Theaters: Broadway theaters
are highly commercialized and established
theatres, especially situated on Manhattam.
There theatres are especially situated
in Manhattam. There theatres are musical
as well as they were powerful sources
of entertainment on 1920s and 1930s.
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Off
Broadway: Off Broadway came
on 1940s as a reaction against costly
and commercialized Broadway theatres.
This theater has stage on center and
audience could watch the performance
from all corners. Read
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Confessional
Poetry: The second generation
poets born from 1920 to 1935 were under
the influence of New critical mode,
but they were less burdened by the legacies
of the great modernists. Read
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Harlem
Renaissance:
Harlem Renaissance is a cultural moment
of Afro- American people during 1920s.
It was concentrated on New York City’s
Harlem so it is called Harlem. It is
also called as New Negro Renaissance,
New Negro movement. It affected different
fields like art, literature, politics
etc. Read
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Arthur
Miller: Miller belongs to the
second half of the twentieth century.
Miller was leftist and being leftist
he starts his dramatic career with the
propaganda plays. In his propaganda
plays he explicitly overthrows capitalism
and advocates for the establishment
of socialism. Miller is influenced by
Marxism. His propaganda plays are not
published until the publication of
Death of a Salesman in
1949. In his later plays after propaganda
plays he implicitly advocate Marxism.
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Eugene
O’ Neill: Eugene O’
Neill, an American dramatist, who is
internationally reputed in the field
of drama, also got the noble prize in
1936. He was influenced by Henric
Ibsen, August Strindberg and
Maurice Maeterlinck.
He is remembered for realist, naturalist
and expressionist drama. Moreover the
credit goes to Eugene O’Neill
for his realist and naturalistic play.
Before O’Neill in American theater,
there were melodrama which were sentimental
and having the sense of excitement.
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Tennesse
Williams:
If
Eugene O’ Neill, Susan Gospel,
Thornton Wilder Clifford Odets dominated
the first half of the twentieth century.
Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, Lawrance
Hensbery, Sam Shepard, David Moment
dominated the second half of the twentieth
century, but Tennessee Williams is very
much important between this two ages
.
Tennesse
Williams was brought up in the South,
we can clearly see element of the southern
literary tradition in his work. The
elements like complicated
feelings about time and the past. The
past is usually looked up on with sadness,
guilt or fear. He describes his society
as a kind of hell of brutality and race
hatred. Read
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Gore
Vidal: Vidal
began his career as a war novelist.
He made use of his experience in World
War II in Williwaw and In
a Yellow Wood. The city and the Pillar
was his best seller that dealt with
homosexuality.His language has a closer
affinity with Hemingway a plain in style.
His writing model is witty, brief and
succinct; he uses irony in his works.
According to Vidal, against the day
to day boredom of society, sex and violence
are the only resources the individual
has. So many Vidal’s novel includes
this theme. For Vidal, the place of
true passion’s and true values
is always in the past and his characters
call on the past to restore the present.
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John
O'Hara: During
the post war period, there were too
many sexually free novels which became
highly successful. Among such writers,
the great master in the post war period
was John O’Hara. He stands between
the novelists of urban environment and
the novelist of manners.He sets most
of his novels and short stories in a
medium-sized Pennsylvania town he named
Gibbsville. Read
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