Bernard Malamud: Malamud is an American novelist. He is also a short story writer. His books focus on Jewish experiences in America. Like Bellow Malamud started his career after Second World War so their experience about war is quite similar. Moreover they both attempt to establish the cultural identity for Jewish group. For these reasons, Jewishness is the main feature found in the works of Malamud as well as Bellow. Bernard Malamud being a post war writer includes the theme of alienation, but he uses schlemiel character to indicate this alienation. In this respect, he is different from other Jewish writers because he shows the success of schlemiel character and yet, he emphasizes up on the Christian values. Malamud believes that Jewish people should not hide their identity. That is why he is very different Jewish writer because he shows the success of schlemiel characters and yet, he emphasizes up on the Christian values. Though his basic attitude to life is Christian, he has not forgotten his identity as Jew. Sex denied and the moral of denying the sex is the basis of Malamud’s stories. He usually uses epiphany and the language of poignancy (regret and sadness). Due to this poignancy, his fictions depict pessimism-he is reluctant to have happy ending in his works. Also, he sees Jewish people degenerating morally- this may even be the cause of his pessimism. However all the heroes of Malamud dream to get their dream girls, who are physically appealing and sexually pure as well. Finally another quality of Jewishness that we find in Malamud’s novels is ambivalence. When he has a hero looking for pleasure-dream girl-he has this thirst on the one hand while on the other that is not achievable. This leads to ambivalence in Malamud’s fictions. Malamud’s fictions are: The Natural, The Assistant, A New Life, The Fixer, The Magic Barrel, Idiot’s First.

Beat Poets :In the later half of the 1950s a group of poets like Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Jack Kerovac, Gregory Corso etc formed a group of young rebels called Beat poet and thus, young rebels developed the Beat Generation. The Beat Generation is a group of writers centered in San Francisco and New York City in the later half of the 1950s. The poet of this generation called themselves beat because they felt themselves to be very much beaten. Read More...

The Black Art Movement :This is a new movement which came to be institutionalized in the sixties and seventies. It was a radical separatist ethnicism proposing to disengage itself not only from the larger world of American literature but also from the western (white) tradition. Read More...

Black Drama: After the end of Second World War the Negro writer did not paid so much attention to fiction as much they motivated to poetry and Drama. Drama became the easiest form to reflect the pain and suffering. Read More...

Broadway Theaters: Broadway theaters are highly commercialized and established theatres, especially situated on Manhattam. There theatres are especially situated in Manhattam. There theatres are musical as well as they were powerful sources of entertainment on 1920s and 1930s. Read More...

Off Broadway: Off Broadway came on 1940s as a reaction against costly and commercialized Broadway theatres. This theater has stage on center and audience could watch the performance from all corners. During the 1940s, there was the heyday of this theatre; it was highly popular during that time. But till 1960s there remained no fundamental differences between Broadway and off Broadway, it became more commercialized as Broadway. Read More...

Confessional Poetry: The second generation poets born from 1920 to 1935 were under the influence of New critical mode, but they were less burdened by the legacies of the great modernists. So some poets of this generation stuck to the New critical mode, but some poets developed a new style in poetry called confessional mode. Read More...

Harlem Renaissance: Harlem Renaissance is a cultural moment of Afro- American people during 1920s. It was concentrated on New York City’s Harlem so it is called Harlem. It is also called as New Negro Renaissance, New Negro movement. It affected different fields like art, literature, politics etc. Read More...

Arthur Miller: Miller belongs to the second half of the twentieth century. Miller was leftist and being leftist he starts his dramatic career with the propaganda plays. In his propaganda plays he explicitly overthrows capitalism and advocates for the establishment of socialism. Miller is influenced by Marxism. His propaganda plays are not published until the publication of Death of a Salesman in 1949. In his later plays after propaganda plays he implicitly advocate Marxism. Read More...

Eugene O’ Neill: Eugene O’ Neill, an American dramatist, who is internationally reputed in the field of drama, also got the noble prize in 1936. He was influenced by Henric Ibsen, August Strindberg and Maurice Maeterlinck. He is remembered for realist, naturalist and expressionist drama. Moreover the credit goes to Eugene O’Neill for his realist and naturalistic play. Before O’Neill in American theater, there were melodrama which were sentimental and having the sense of excitement. Read More...

Tennesse Williams:  If Eugene O’ Neill, Susan Gospel, Thornton Wilder Clifford Odets dominated the first half of the twentieth century. Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, Lawrance Hensbery, Sam Shepard, David Moment dominated the second half of the twentieth century, but Tennessee Williams is very much important between this two ages . Tennesse Williams was brought up in the South, we can clearly see element of the southern literary tradition in his work. Read More...