Eudora
Welty:
Another major figure of the southern
novel is Eudora Welty. She is different
from Faulkner and Warren because she
does not show the tension between myth
and history like Faulkner and she does
not even show the tension between history
and existence like Warren.Drama of resistance
to history is the subject of Welty’s
major novels like Delta
Wedding, The Golden Apples, The optimist’s
Daughter. These novels
also reflect Welty’s regionalism
and her philosophy about time, memory
and art. In Welty’s writing, memory
plays an important part –the past
gets alive in the present through a
culture of memory that struggles in
the modern history. Her writing therefore
is memory paintings based on southern
culture that she wishes to establish.
In other words survival of the past
is the main theme of her writings. But
the problem is that her memory discards
the so –called history, and because
of her ironic tone, memory does not
foster itself rather it declines.More
than Faulkner and Warren, Welty sees
history as a clock –chronology,
According to her an artist or novelist
creates an art or a novel as ward as
well as forward; it does not merely
tell the time but penetrates in to it,
Hence Welty transforms life in to art
through memory. For instance, her
Losting Battle
is a complete memory that narrates about
family reunion where she believes that
the decline of memory is the isolation
of self.
Beat
Poets :In the later half of
the 1950s a group of poets like
Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Jack Kerovac,
Gregory Corso etc formed a
group of young rebels called Beat poet
and thus, young rebels developed the
Beat Generation. The Beat Generation
is a group of writers centered in San
Francisco and New York City in the later
half of the 1950s. The poet of this
generation called themselves beat because
they felt themselves to be very much
beaten. Read
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The
Black Art Movement :This
is a new movement which came to be institutionalized
in the sixties and seventies. It was
a radical separatist ethnicism proposing
to disengage itself not only from the
larger world of American literature
but also from the western (white) tradition.
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Black
Drama:
After the end of Second World War the
Negro writer did not paid so much attention
to fiction as much they motivated to
poetry and Drama. Drama became the easiest
form to reflect the pain and suffering.
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Broadway
Theaters: Broadway theaters
are highly commercialized and established
theatres, especially situated on Manhattam.
There theatres are especially situated
in Manhattam. There theatres are musical
as well as they were powerful sources
of entertainment on 1920s and 1930s.
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Off
Broadway: Off Broadway came
on 1940s as a reaction against costly
and commercialized Broadway theatres.
This theater has stage on center and
audience could watch the performance
from all corners. During the 1940s,
there was the heyday of this theatre;
it was highly popular during that time.
But till 1960s there remained no fundamental
differences between Broadway and off
Broadway, it became more commercialized
as Broadway. Read
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Confessional
Poetry: The second generation
poets born from 1920 to 1935 were under
the influence of New critical mode,
but they were less burdened by the legacies
of the great modernists. So some poets
of this generation stuck to the New
critical mode, but some poets developed
a new style in poetry called confessional
mode. Read
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Harlem
Renaissance:
Harlem Renaissance is a cultural moment
of Afro- American people during 1920s.
It was concentrated on New York City’s
Harlem so it is called Harlem. It is
also called as New Negro Renaissance,
New Negro movement. It affected different
fields like art, literature, politics
etc. Read
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Arthur
Miller: Miller belongs to the
second half of the twentieth century.
Miller was leftist and being leftist
he starts his dramatic career with the
propaganda plays. In his propaganda
plays he explicitly overthrows capitalism
and advocates for the establishment
of socialism. Miller is influenced by
Marxism. His propaganda plays are not
published until the publication of
Death of a Salesman in
1949. Read
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Eugene
O’ Neill: Eugene O’
Neill, an American dramatist, who is
internationally reputed in the field
of drama, also got the noble prize in
1936. He was influenced by Henric
Ibsen, August Strindberg and
Maurice Maeterlinck.
He is remembered for realist, naturalist
and expressionist drama. Read
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Tennesse
Williams:
If
Eugene O’ Neill, Susan Gospel,
Thornton Wilder Clifford Odets dominated
the first half of the twentieth century.
Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, Lawrance
Hensbery, Sam Shepard, David Moment
dominated the second half of the twentieth
century, but Tennessee Williams is very
much important between this two ages.
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Gore
Vidal: Vidal
began his career as a war novelist.
He made use of his experience in World
War II in Williwaw and In
a Yellow Wood. The city and the Pillar
was his best seller that dealt with
homosexuality.His language has a closer
affinity with Hemingway a plain in style.
His writing model is witty, brief and
succinct; he uses irony in his works.
According to Vidal, against the day
to day boredom of society, sex and violence
are the only resources the individual
has. So many Vidal’s novel includes
this theme. For Vidal, the place of
true passion’s and true values
is always in the past and his characters
call on the past to restore the present.
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