Bertrand Russell's A Free Man's Worship is his attempt of emancipating the modern people from the bloody tradition worship of power. As a modern humanist philosopher, Russell first takes the allusion of Marlow's Dr. Faustus to describe the probable creation story of the human world.
Thomas Jefferson's The Declaration of Independence is a world famous political manifesto in which Jefferson revolutionary vision is expressed, related to natural human rights, the birth of government and the functions of the government. The declaration of independence was not written as essay in the beginning, it was a political speech delivered by Jefferson in the meeting of the continental congress and later it was printed as an essay.
The Communist Manifesto is Marxist study of human history, the study of change and progress in history along with Marxist concept of class society. In the opening of the essay Marx says that the history of human civilization, he says to develop is the history of class struggle. He says that each and every human society has two classes: the class of haves and the class of haves not.
Nietzsche's Apollonianism and Dionysianism is one of the philosophy in which he has presented serious concept of two forces prevalent in the human world. They are Apollonianism and Dionysianism they come from the word Apollo and Dionysus. They are the names of Gods worshiped by Greek people and these two Gods represent two different qualities. Apollo stands for beauty, order, harmony, love, progress, serenity, calmness and individualism while Dionysus stands for ugliness, disorder, hatred, passion, emotion, intoxication and group.
Letter to Einstein is a world famous letter written by the 20th century well known psychologist Sigmund Freud to the famous physicist Albert Einstein. Freud wrote the letter after the First World War in the response of Einstein because Einstein had already written a letter to Freud asking him causes and solution of war. Einstein had also asked Freud weather the problem of war can be solved permanently.
Albert Camus's Myth of Sisyphus is a philosophical writing based on a Greek Myth of Sisyphus. In this essay, the writer has allegorically presented Sisyphus as the symbol of humankind and his task as the symbol of absurd human existence. Before writing about the concept of absurdity, Camus has described about how Sisyphus was a highwayman, to rub people passing by the highway, but Homer says that he was a prudent. Even there are two causes about his punishment.
Plato's The Allegory of the Cave is, one of the philosophical writings in the form of allegory. An allegorical writing is the type of writing having two levels of meanings: literary and allegorical meanings. A literary meaning is the content or the subject matter and allegorical meaning is the symbolic or metaphorical suggestion.
The Romanticism is a movement commonly known as Romantic Movement, which begins in the very beginning of the 19th century and flourished in the middle of the 19th century. It was a movement in philosophy and literature as a reaction to the previous age of reason of Kant.
Renaissance is the word that means reawakening, revival or rebirth. It is a movement in the west that began at the end of the 14th century. In this period, the human civilization came in to culmination in the field of painting, literature, philosophy, sculpture, science and technology and the field of religion.
Richard Tarnus's The Postmodern Mind is a philosophical as well as critical essay on the study of the postmodern mind. Before describing about the postmodern mind, the writer has discussed about the background for the emergence of the postmodern mind. He believes that each and every philosophical movement in the west has emerged because of the sacrifice of certain heroes.