Each essay is chosen for its importance of content, its range of thought, and its capacity to sustain discussion and stimulate writing. These writings have influenced and directed human thinking over different periods in history extending over almost three thousand years. The essays are longer than in most anthologies simply because developing a complex idea generally requires more than a few pages. The essays provide a background to the history of western ideas. Some of the writers of these essays have themselves shaped western thought and still influence the ways we think. They also demonstrate that competent management of rhetorical strategies and techniques leads to competent thinking: effective writing fuses ideas and rhetoric. We have included detailed notes under the title essays so that it becomes easy to approach an essay.
Bertrand Russell's A Free Man's Worship is his attempt of emancipating the modern people from the bloody tradition worship of power. As a modern humanist philosopher, Russell first takes the allusion of Marlow's Dr. Faustus to describe the probable c ...More
Thomas Jefferson's The Declaration of Independence is a world famous political manifesto in which Jefferson revolutionary vision is expressed, related to natural human rights, the birth of government and the functions of the government. The declarati ...More
The Communist Manifesto is Marxist study of human history, the study of change and progress in history along with Marxist concept of class society. In the opening of the essay Marx says that the history of human civilization, he says to develop is th ...More
Nietzsche's Apollonianism and Dionysianism is one of the philosophy in which he has presented serious concept of two forces prevalent in the human world. They are Apollonianism and Dionysianism they come from the word Apollo and Dionysus. They are th ...More
Letter to Einstein is a world famous letter written by the 20th century well known psychologist Sigmund Freud to the famous physicist Albert Einstein. Freud wrote the letter after the First World War in the response of Einstein because Einstein had a ...More
Albert Camus's Myth of Sisyphus is a philosophical writing based on a Greek Myth of Sisyphus. In this essay, the writer has allegorically presented Sisyphus as the symbol of humankind and his task as the symbol of absurd human existence. Before writi ...More
Plato's The Allegory of the Cave is, one of the philosophical writings in the form of allegory. An allegorical writing is the type of writing having two levels of meanings: literary and allegorical meanings. A literary meaning is the content or the s ...More
The Romanticism is a movement commonly known as Romantic Movement, which begins in the very beginning of the 19th century and flourished in the middle of the 19th century. It was a movement in philosophy and literature as a reaction to the previous a ...More
Renaissance is the word that means reawakening, revival or rebirth. It is a movement in the west that began at the end of the 14th century. In this period, the human civilization came in to culmination in the field of painting, literature, philosophy ...More
Richard Tarnus's The Postmodern Mind is a philosophical as well as critical essay on the study of the postmodern mind. Before describing about the postmodern mind, the writer has discussed about the background for the emergence of the postmodern mind ...More
Plato's Allegory of The Cave: Interpretation
Nietzsche's Apollonianism and Dionysiansism: Meaning
Marx's The Communist Manifesto: Interpretation
Russell's A Free Man's Worship: Interpretation
Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Interpretation
Freud's Letter to Einstein: Meaning and Interpretation
Camus's The Myth of Sisyphus: Interpretation
Tarnus's The Postmodern Mind: Interpretation
Gaarder's The Renaissance: Meaning and Interpretation
Gaarder's Romanticism: Meaning and Interpretation
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